Introduction . Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common malignant tumors. Its incidence in China ranks second among that of all malignant tumors1. Worldwide, GC is the fifth leading cause of all cancers and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality2. Currently, there are various treatment methods for GC3, such as surgery4 , 5, chemotherapy6, radiotherapy7, targeted therapy8, and immunotherapy9 , 10. However, these approac...